Are you trying to find odor eliminator spray for couch among various brands on the market but aren’t sure where to begin? To assist you in finding the right one, we’ve put together a list of the 7 best to help you pick the perfect one!
We investigated and evaluated a number of the top-selling odor eliminator spray for couch on the market in order to create our list of the best. Making a decision among the many options available is never simple. There are an infinite number of models available, each with a distinct price. And as you’ll find out, the best options aren’t usually the ones you imagine! This comparison is rich and relevant because of the numerous factors that were employed. You will find products featured in this ranking not only based on their pricing but also on their features and other customers reviews. To write this review, we completed 21 hours of research and did 43 odor eliminator spray for couch tests. You won’t need to pick products at random any more. If you’re unsure of what to look for, browse our list and consult the buying guide!
An overview of our top picks
Table of contents
The best odor eliminator spray for couch you can buy today
- Get a burst of freshness with every touch thanks to Febreze Unstopables Touch Fabric Spray
- Breakthrough touch-activated technology stores scent in your fabrics so you can fight odors and enjoy on-demand freshness
- Use Febreze Touch on your couch, carpets, pillows, blankets, or even try it on your favorite clothes
- Gives fabrics a kick of long-lasting freshness you'll want to sniff over and over again
- Bring the vacation vibes home with the fruity, beachy scent of Febreze Touch Paradise
- Certified Gentle And Safe: Chlorine free and color safe; Safe to use around pets and children; No hazardous propellants, no residue left behind. So gentle it’s been Certified Safe for all carpets, earning the Seal of Approval by the trusted Carpet and Rug Institute (cri)
- Eliminates Stains, Odors and Residue: If it’s gross, it’s gone; Not just the stain, but the stink; From stinky yellow pet urine and feces to vomit and other organic spills, our professional strength formula tackles them all
- Every Surface, Every Time: For use on carpets, floors, furniture, clothing, litter boxes, kennels, carriers, all pet living and sleeping areas—anywhere stains happen
- Enzyme Activated: The key is getting to the problem deep-down; This spray contains natural enzymes that are activated on contact with odors and stains, feeding on ammonia crystals and organic matter until they are completely eliminated
- Buy With Confidence: You want the best for your best friend; We do, too; If you are not satisfied with the performance of this product, contact us; We are determined to make it right
- Pet~Pourri freshens odors entirely and leaves your home smelling better than you found it – guaranteed. Simply spritz 2-4 sprays on any stinky surface** or into the air. From the makers of Poo~Pourri so you know it works
- WORKS INSTANTLY: Freshens the toughest odors within 60 seconds (even urine)
- LONG-LASTING FRESHNESS: Our strong concentrated formula requires less spray, so odor doesn’t come back until you make a big stink again
- Woof! Woof! Pet-Pourri is totally safe to use around dogs, cats, and children
- WARNING: This is not pet dry shampoo and not intended to be sprayed directly onto your pet. You'll probably become obsessed with this product and want to spray it on e-ver-y-thing. But, please use only as directed
- Neutralize Odor with Aromatic Luxury — Transform your living space into an oasis of relaxation and comfort with this aromatherapeutic odor neutralizer spray infused with essential oils. Eliminate unpleasant smells caused by cooking, smoke, pets, or other common household odors, and replace them with this elegant room freshener scent. Evoke a sense of sophistication from the moment you step inside your house with this deodorizing essential oil spray
- Multi-Purpose Household Use — Combat strong odors while gently scenting your home with this home and fabric odor eliminator spray. Apply this air freshener spray for bathroom, bedroom, kitchen and the rest of your home. Use it as a furniture spray deodorizer for fabric, carpets and upholstery to instantly neutralize unpleasant smells. Made in the USA and cruelty-free, these long-lasting deodorizers for home are safe to use on any surface without leaving residue
- Combat Smells with Proprietary Technology — Designed with our proprietary Muse Clear technology, this formula does more than just mask odors. It bonds with and neutralizes malodor molecules, rendering them permanently undetectable. Its reactive fragrant ingredients assist in the complete neutralization of odors without disturbing air quality. Tested by an independent laboratory against leading air freshener brands and proven more effective in malodor elimination
- Set the Ambience for Rejuvenation — Transport your senses to a sun-drenched coastal getaway with Mediterranean Citrus essential oil room spray. Energize yourself with the vibrant but delicate combination of oranges, lemons, and bergamot. The room spray air freshener and deodorizer's zesty and sweet scent will instantly give your space a burst of cheerful sunshine, creating a living space that not only looks beautiful, but also smells divine
- An Inviting Living Space for All — Enhance the beauty and comfort of your residence with this home and bathroom spray odor eliminator. With just a few spritzes, this kitchen and bedroom spray creates an odor-free environment that is also beautifully fragranced. Elevate your cleaning ritual with this odor eliminating room spray, and entertain guests and host parties with confidence with the multi-purpose room deodorizer
- ADVANCED & PATENTED MULTIPURPOSE FORMULA: We continue to utilize safer, superior, and more advanced odor removal technologies available to provide our customers with the best products. With just a little splash of ZORBX odor eliminating products, you will be able to tackle all kinds of odors like professionals no matter how strong they are.
- ECO-FRIENDLY: Non-toxic ingredients derived from natural resources. Safer for people, pets, and the planet. Our unscented odor-eliminating formula will help eliminate foul and funky odors without harming you, your pet, or the planet. Our ZORBX odor eliminating formula will make your surroundings and furry friends smell clean and fresh!
- ODOR REMOVER WITH GENTLE INGREDIENTS: Other than having 0% bleach, ZORBX odor remover spray is chlorine and phophates-free. This means our advanced odor removing solution is an ideal choice. Remove odors instantly without any worries.
- A BRAND YOU CAN TRUST - ZORBX was developed by a nurse for the health care industry and is being used in top hospitals in the USA. Made in Cleveland, Ohio and woman-owned, ZORBX can be used anywhere to eliminate multiple foul odors. Put your trust in ZORBX.
- PET ODOR ELIMINATOR: Works to break down and help neutralize tough pet odors on contact – doesn’t just mask them.
- AIR, FABRIC & SURFACE SPRAY: Works to neutralize pet odors in the air and on fabrics and hard surfaces, including carpet, hard floor, crates and more.
- LAVENDER & VANILLA SCENT: Made with a fragrance blend containing essential oils.
- ODORCAPTURE 360: Formulated with odor neutralizing technology.
- SAFE FOR PETS AND HOME: Use on surfaces around your home. Safe for use around pets and home when used and stored as directed.
- PEACEFUL + POWERFUL: Harsh on odors but gentle on your nose. Our glorious odor sprays use essential oils and Ionic Silver to crush stink and bring wonderful scents into your life. Comes in four various scents: Fresh Air, Lavender, Lemongrass, and Peppermint.
- WONDERFUL ESSENTIAL OILS: We never use fake fragrances in our odor sprays. Fake fragrance formulas including methanol can pose harm to users. Our deodorizers, even the Fresh Air scent, are made from pure essential oils that get the funky smell out of their target.
- SILVER WITH SUPERPOWERS: Ionic Silver. It’s one of nature's most effective odor-crushing ingredients and the reason why Defunkify Odor Sprays work so well.
- FOR ANYTHING STINKY: One spray bottle to conquer them all! Aside from being used as a fabric spray, shoe spray deodorizer, and as pet odor eliminator, you can also use it on your yoga mats, couches, and even car seats! Whatever you don’t wash, you can remove the funk in a flash. Our Odor Removing Sprays are always prepared to save your nose.
- ALWAYS PROVEN SAFE: Toxicity matters. That's why we start with ingredients approved by the EPA Safer Choice Program and finish with testing to ensure industry-leading safety. It's all part of our ProvenSafe process.
- Sold as 1 Each.
- Doesn't just mask, cleans away odors with odorcleartm technology.
- Febreze fabric (formerly Febreze fabric Refresher) cleans away odors embedded in fabrics and other soft surfaces, leaving a light, fresh scent.
- Perfect for hard-to-wash fabrics such as clothing, upholstery, carpets, and window treatments.
- ADVANCED ENZYMATIC CLEANER - Penetrates the most stubborn smells and stains at the deepest molecular levels to dissolve any pet mess you encounter and lift it away at the source.
- FOR ANY MESS, ON ANY SURFACE - This pet odor eliminator cleans your carpets, floors, furniture, fabrics, and more. Whether it's urine, feces, vomit, or drool, you can erase all foul spots and smells!
- FRESH, NATURAL ODOR - Our unique formulation doesn't rely on dangerous or unpleasant chemical fragrances to get the job done. We eradicate smells and stains, not just cover them up.
- NO TOUGH SCRUBBING - Simply shake, spray, and wait. Before you know it, your home is fresh once again, and you didn't even need to get down on your hands and knees to clean!
- NEW IMPROVED PACKAGING: We have updated our spray bottle packaging with secured cap to eliminate leaking and improve customer expereience.
- DON'T JUST MASK ODORS - ELIMINATE THEM! - Most scent boosting sprays trap odors (including bad ones) by coating fabrics with chemicals. SilverWorks! fabric spray odor eliminator neutralizes odors and continuously deodorizes using silver ion technology
- DESIGNED FOR ALL FABRIC AND COLORS - Spray on any washable or non-washable soft surfaces to eliminate stubborn odors. This can be used as a carpet spray deodorizer, couch deodorizer and furniture spray deodorizer, or as an all-purpose fabric deodorizer (clothes, towels, bedding, etc.)
- NATURAL ODOR ELIMINATOR - Safe And Non-Toxic: Hypoallergenic formula contains a lightly scented eco-friendly fragrance; contains no bleach, chlorine, or other harsh chemicals. We use science, not chemicals!
- POWERED BY SCIENCE - Patent Pending Formula - Only two active biodegradable ingredients! Hydrogen peroxide destroys smells while natural silver ions embed deep into fabrics to neutralize odors like sweat, body odor, nicotine, urine, and more
- FIGHTS ODORS BETWEEN USES - Continuous fine mist sprayer evenly coats surfaces to provide maximum odor elimination while refreshing and deodorizing, leaving long-lasting freshness that continuously fights odors between use
- Our Fabric Spray harnesses the power of natural plant-based ingredients to eliminate odors, leaving fabrics refreshed and free from harsh chemicals.
- Perfect for tackling odors in fabrics like upholstery, curtains, and carpets, as well as on clothing, shoes, and pet bedding.
- Just spray directly onto the fabric to target unwanted smells. Give an extra spray for extra-strong odors. Spot test on fabrics like silk.
- Non-toxic and safe for people, pets, and the planet, making it an ideal choice to maintain an odor-free home with peace of mind.
- Eliminate fabric odors without overwhelming fragrances. Experience freshness that lingers, leaving behind only a clean and inviting space.
- Effective on a wide range of surfaces, from couches to closets, from trash cans to appliances.
- We’ve got a new look! Inside it’s still the same Fresh Wave you know and love. Product packaging may vary as we transition.
- CAT PEE PROBLEMS? URINE LUCK! This hydrogen peroxide formula is the all-in-one cat urine remover and cat pee odor eliminator. Additionally, the citrus peel scent is a deterrent spray to prevent your kitty from making new messes and leaves a fresh, clean smell in your home. We're not kitten around!
- THE EARTH-FRIENDLY CAT URINE DESTROYER YOU CAN TRUST. You'll get 32 fl. oz. of a powerful cat pee stain and odor remover that is litter-ly made in the USA by a woman-owned and veteran-owned small business. The formula is biodegradable and our packaging is fully recyclable - we take Planet Earth very seriously with our eco friendly cleaning products. We don't test on animals, either. (We think it’s clawful.)
- CAT PEE ODOR ELIMINATOR FOR GOOD. As someone who has feline fur-ends herself, the owner knows what it’s like to deal with cat pee problems. It’s a cat-astrophe! They’re not just cat pee problems - they’re YOUR problems. You can lose relationships and pet deposits because of stubborn stains and smells that simply won’t go away. This is why Cat Pee Destroyer exists – to eliminate the bad and preserve the good of having a cat companion in your life. Meow and furr-ever!
- USE ON ALL WATER-SAFE FABRICS AND SURFACES. You can use this pet safe cat pee cleaner as a litter box deodorizer and a cat pee stain remover on carpet, mattress, upholstery, and hard surfaces. Use it to remove all signs of cat urine. No harsh chemicals - only good chemistry! We paw-mise.
- YOUR HAPPINESS IS OUR HAPPINESS! We created this cat pee destroyer to be tough on cat pee stains while remaining safe for your family and paw-some to Mother Earth. But if for any reason you don’t find this natural cat urine remover purr-fect, we'll happily replace it, or refund you.
- INSTANT, PERMANENT, ADVANCED PATENTED MULTIPURPOSE ODOR REMOVAL FORMULA: We continue utilizing safer, superior, and more advanced odor removal technologies to provide our customers with the best products. With just a little splash of ZORBX odor remover, you will be able to tackle all kinds of odors like professionals no matter how strong they are. Our odor remover formula is the permanent solution to your odor problems.
- EXTRA STRENGTH, SAFER, ECO-FRIENDLY ODOR ABSORBERS FOR ROOMS: Non-toxic ingredients in ZORBX multipurpose odor remover are derived from natural resources. This odor destroyer is safer for people, pets, and the planet. Our unscented odor neutralizer will help remove foul and funky odors without harming you, your pet, or the planet. Our ZORBX odor eaters will make your surroundings and furry friends smell clean and fresh!
- FRAGRANCE-FREE HEALTHCARE ODOR BLOCKER: Food, pet odors, and musty smells can settle into your rooms and, like an unwanted houseguest, refuse to leave. Even scented candles and air fresheners may not help you to eradicate these unpleasant odors permanently. However, with ZORBX mini odor remover for house, you can get rid of bad odors instantly. So, purchase our mini odor remover spray to make the bad odor go away!
- TRAVEL-FRIENDLY HOSPITAL ODOR REMOVER: ZORBX mini–-Tag Along odor exterminator spray can easily fit in your purse or car dashboard to carry it with you anywhere you go. Not just your house, make your car, office, and hotel room smell better, too. Give unpleasant odors a complete brush off with ZORBX car odor neutralizer spray while traveling outdoors.
- BETTER AIR QUALITY: Pet odors, trash can smell, and other foul odors indicate that your house has poor indoor air quality. To improve the air quality of your house, try the ZORBX mini odor removing spray that will help reduce the levels of air pollutants. With ZORBX odor absorbers for rooms, your nose will be happier, and you will be healthier.
- ACTIVATED: Our revolutionary formula uses a long-lasting supply of natural odor eating ingredients - nature's way of destroying animal waste products and odors. We naturally remove the substrates that cause odors AND we destroy the odor molecules too!
- NO HARSH CHEMICALS: Skin safe, clothing safe, and safe to use around children & pets. Our odor eliminators contain NO harsh chemicals and NO heavy metals so they won’t harm your pet or your skin.
- FRAGRANCE FREE: deSTINKed has a fresh, natural scent without the use of perfumes, fragrances, or harsh chemicals. Even the fresh scent quickly dissipates, leaving behind No Scent from the product OR your pet!
- FURNITURE SAFE: Use on pet beds to remove the odors from your home. The same for any furniture they share with you including couches, beds, chairs, etc.
- SPRAY AND PLAY: Spray on carpeting, rugs, and flooring, and get back to playing within seconds.
- NO HARSH CHEMICALS – Green Seal Certified, making it safer for pets and children, and formulated with non-toxic and biodegradable ingredients this product can be used on many surfaces.
- MULTI-PURPOSE SPRAY – This odor-destroying stain remover spray goes beyond the needs of a pet parent and helps clean hard-to-remove ink, crayon, scuffs, makeup, coffee stains, and more!
- FOR HOME AND MORE – This spot cleaner doubles as an odor eliminator and stain remover for carpets, upholstery, bathrooms, pet bedding, laundry rooms, garages, basements, fitness areas, and more.
- EFFECTIVELY CONTROLS ODORS – With a natural, non-toxic formula that controls all major classes of malodorous compounds, this spray has a mild, clean fragrance that is not overpowering.
- MADE FOR PET PARENTS – Created with premium ingredients but available at a price that pet parents can afford. We know your dogs are more than just pets because we are pet parents too.
- INSTANT, PERMANENT, ADVANCED PATENTED MULTIPURPOSE ODOR REMOVAL FORMULA: We continue utilizing safer, superior, and more advanced odor removal technologies to provide our customers with the best products. With just a little splash of ZORBX odor remover, you will be able to tackle all kinds of odors like professionals no matter how strong they are. Our odor remover formula is the permanent solution to your odor problems.
- EXTRA STRENGTH, SAFER, ECO-FRIENDLY ODOR ABSORBERS FOR ROOMS: Non-toxic ingredients in ZORBX multipurpose odor remover are derived from natural resources. This odor remover is safer for people, pets, and the planet. Our unscented odor neutralizer will help remove foul and funky odors without harming you, your pet, or the planet. Our ZORBX odor eaters will make your surroundings and furry friends smell clean and fresh!
- 32 OZ SPRAY: Our odor remover comes in a convenient 32 oz. spray bottle, perfect for freshening up the air anywhere you go. Keep odor remover spray bottle in your car or travel bag to quickly eliminate unpleasant smells while on the go. Carpet odor remover is ideal for outdoor travel and everyday use at home, in garages, basements, and bathrooms.
- WHY BUY OUR PRODUCT? You must be wondering why choose our product when it's available in different sizes. Our product offers fast-acting smoke, urine, hospital odor remover solutions to help you breathe fresh air wherever you go. With this spray, you will never run out of odor exterminator solutions—the perfect spray for fighting all kinds of odors.
- TRUSTED BRAND: The main goal of our company ZORBX is to provide our customers with high-quality products. Also, all of our odor remover solutions are strictly inspected before we ship them out to you. If you are not happy with our strong odor remover for any reason, please contact us. We will take care of it in no time! Your satisfaction is our priority.
- Don't mask, truly fight fabric odors by spraying away stinks in your household fabrics
- Spray until fabric is damp, let dry, and enjoy freshness all around your home
- Perfect for hard-to-wash fabrics like pillows, stuffed animals, couches, gym bags, and more
- The fresh vibes of Clean Scent give off a zesty bouquet of fruity sweetness
- It’s Not Water: Pooph is totally fragrance free because it eliminates odor instead of covering it up! Pooph contains no harsh chemicals—it’s a proprietary mineral-based formula so clean and pure you could actually mistake it for pure natural spring water until you actually use it and see for yourself how miraculously it works!
- Risk-Free Guarantee: Try POOPH for 30 days and if you aren’t happy, simply return it for a 100% no-hassle refund. Just send us a message via your Amazon order page and we’ll take care of the rest!
- Instant & Safe: Instantly and safely freshens and dismantles puppy, dog, cat, pet, and litter urine and feces odors on a molecular basis – so they never return! Safe for people, pets, plants, and the planet!
- Eliminates: Safely eliminates (doesn’t just cover up) urine, feces, vomit, and other pet odors that may invite your pets to defecate in the same spot over and over
- SIMPLICITY OF USE: Embrace the ease of a dog odor eliminator that requires no complex instructions. A few sprays of POOPH make any space a puppy must-haves zone with guaranteed freshness. How it works, find the source of the stink, get in contact with the source of the odor. Rub it in and let pooph work its magic. Pooph is safe to use on your pet if the odor persists! The moment of truth: Smell it.
- 1. BURST OF FRESHNESS: Get a burst of freshness with every touch with Febreze Touch Fabric Spray, a must-have addition to your cleaning supplies
- 2. LUXE SCENTS: Waterlily, ginger, and hinoki mix together to create the can't-miss cool ambiance of Ocean. Mountain puts you on the trail to freshness with luxe scents of alpine, wildflower, and cedar
- 3. TOUCH-ACTIVATED TECHNOLOGY: Breakthrough touch-activated technology stores luxe home fragrance in your fabrics and helps fight odors, acting as a powerful room deodorizer
- 4. ELEVATED SCENTS: Bring elevated touchable scents to your chaise, throw pillows, and area rugs with this fabric spray
- 5. LONG-LASTING FRESHNESS: Gives fabrics long-lasting irresistible freshness, making it an essential part of your laundry beads scent booster and cleaning products collection
- POWERFUL ODOR FIGHTING - Angry Orange pet odor eliminator targets strong, lingering smells at the source and destroys them.
- MULTIPURPOSE - Can be used to eliminate odors from carpet, tile, couch upholstery, garbage cans, car interiors, turf, and more.
- DIRECTIONS FOR USE - For best results, remove pets from area, clean excess mess, shake well & spray, let dry completely.
- CITRUS SCENT - Derived from fresh orange peels, our cleaner works on stubborn odors.
- CUSTOMER SERVICE - If you're not satified reach out to our responsive customer service team.
How to choose a good odor eliminator spray for couch
Does the idea of finding a fantastic odor eliminator spray for couch make you anxious? When it comes to purchasing this product, specifically when deciding which model to select, has your head been spinning between options? You are not alone if that is the case. We are aware of the pressure involved in the purchasing process!
Your presence here indicates that you are interested in odor eliminator spray for couch. Before choosing which product would be the best for your needs after being inundated with information, locate a reliable source with genuine selections. You can get that information from a variety of sources, including buying guides and rating websites, word-of-mouth recommendations from friends and family, online discussion forums where users can share their own experiences, product reviews that can be found all over the internet, and YouTube channels. You can only get the right product through exhaustive analysis. But you realize that’s not always simple. In order to ease your concerns, we have taken the time to develop a list of the top odor eliminator spray for couch products available right now. You might be wondering how we came up with the list. How was this buying guide developed?
First, we used our algorithms to gather as much reliable data as we could about these products. To verify all the data gathered, we used both artificial intelligence and a lot of algorithms.
Then, our experts used criteria that are recognized in the business to evaluate them according to their quality to price ratio, allowing us to choose the top odor eliminator spray for couch on the market right now!
The selection of the goods is not arbitrary. Before creating a list, we take into account a number of factors. Below are some of the criteria discussed:
Brand Value: What happens if you choose a dubious brand just because it appears to be a good deal? So the likelihood of receiving a product with a short shelf life increases. That is due to the fact that well-known brands have a reputation to uphold, while others do not. Top odor eliminator spray for couch brands strive to provide some distinctive traits that set them apart from the competition. So, hopefully one or more of the items on our list will be perfect for you.
Features: Useful features are all you need, not tons of them. We consider the important aspects and select the top odor eliminator spray for couch based on those.
Specifications: Numbers always help you measure the quality of a product in a quantitative way. We try to find products with higher specifications, but with the right balance.
Quality: A product’s quality may always be quantified with the aid of numbers. We look for goods with better standards that strike the proper balance. The best quality product that gets highly appreciated and recommended by experienced users.
Customer ratings: Would it be accurate to suggest that the odor eliminator spray for couch were used by hundreds of customers before you? Superior ratings indicate that many customers had better service.
Customer Reviews: Like ratings, provide you with accurate and reliable information about the product from genuine customers. Customer ratings are very important to all of us because they contain accurate and reliable information about the customer service we received from several hundred customers.
Seller Rank: This is very intriguing! Not only do you need a good odor eliminator spray for couch, you also need a product with rising sales that is trendy. It accomplishes two goals. First, the expanding user base proves the quality of the product. Second, given that number, producers must be able to offer greater quality and after-sales support.
Value: You get what you pay for, they say, so consider the value. Cheap isn’t always good and expensive isn’t always bad. However, that does not imply that spending a lot of money on a product that is flashy but underwhelming is a good idea. Before adding them to the list, we make an effort to evaluate how much value you can get for your money from your odor eliminator spray for couch.
Durability: Durability and reliability are closely related concepts. You will benefit from a strong and long-lasting odor eliminator spray for couch for months and years to come.
Product availability: Products come and go, and new ones replace the old ones. Most likely, a few new features and required changes were made. What use is it to use a supposedly good product if the maker no longer supports it? We make an effort to highlight products that are current and offered by one or more trustworthy sellers, if not more.
Negative Reviews: Yes, we do take that into account as well! The goods with the majority of bad reviews are filtered out and disregarded when we choose the best-rated one on the market.
These are the standards by which we selected our odor eliminator spray for couch. Do we end our process there? Hell no. The most crucial fact about us that you should be aware of is that we regularly update our website with current and pertinent information. We have one more layer of filtration since we place the greatest importance on reader satisfaction. Please let us know if any product included here is incorrect, irrelevant, subpar, or simply out of date. We always value your opinions, and we’ll work hard to make any necessary corrections to our list in response to them.
Why should you believe us?
There are now thousands of possibilities for these products on Amazon, but choosing the best one can be difficult and time-consuming. And what odor eliminator spray for couch should you purchase in 2022?
This guide is the result of more than 10 years of experience in researching, testing and writing about many topics. Each member of our team is an authority in their area. We read every article we could find online and every consumer review on every retail website for seven hours. Additionally, we discovered a ton of websites that offered helpful resources, including buying tips and thorough information on odor eliminator spray for couch.
